A portrait of Prince Dārā Shikōh within a mandorla (MS M.458.9). *Published/Created: Delhi, India, 1639 or 1640. Description:Dara Shikoh (Persian: دارا شِکوہ‎), also known as Dara Shukoh, (20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659)[1][3] was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.[4] Dara was designated with the title Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba ("Prince of High Rank")[5] and was favoured as a successor by his father and his older sister, Princess Jahanara Begum. In the war of succession which ensued after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657, Dara was defeated by his younger brother Prince Muhiuddin (later, the Emperor Aurangzeb). He was executed in 1659 on Aurangzeb's orders in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne.[6] Dara was a liberal-minded unorthodox Muslim as opposed to the orthodox Aurangzeb; he authored the work The Confluence of the Two Seas, which argues for the harmony of Sufi philosophy in Islam and Vedanta philosophy in Hinduism. A great patron of the arts, he was also more inclined towards philosophy and mysticism rather than military pursuits. The course of the history of the Indian subcontinent, had Dara Shikoh prevailed over Aurangzeb, has been a matter of some conjecture among historians.[7][8][9] Links: Detailed descriptions and additional bibliographies Credit: Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913) in 1911. Genres: Dated manuscripts. Miniatures (Illuminations)--India--Delhi--17th century. Paper (fiber product) Cardboard. Single leaves. Language: In Persian. Notes: Ms. miniature; written and illuminated in Delhi, India, and dated 1049 (i.e., 1639-1640). Artist: Chitarman; inscription reads: sana 1049 khāk-i pā Chitarman. MICROFILM holding is on record for MS M.458.1r. Provenance: Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913) from Charles Hercules Read in 1911; J.P. Morgan (1867-1943). Associated Names: Chitarman, active 1628-1670, illuminator. Read, Charles Hercules, Sir, 1857-1929, former owner. Morgan, J. Pierpont (John Pierpont), 1837-1913, former owner. Morgan, J. P. (John Pierpont), 1867-1943, former owner. Formatted Place:India--Delhi. Cite as: Pierpont Morgan Library. MS M.458.9. Publications on: Islamic and Indian manuscripts and paintings in the Pierpont Morgan Library / Barbara Schmitz. New York : The Library, 1997, no. 50, p. 152-154; plate 33. Subjects:Dārā Shikūh, Prince, son of Shāhjahān, 1615-1659. Manuscripts, Persian--New York (State)--New York. 1639. 1640. Dept./Collection: Pierpont Morgan Library Dept. of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts