
THE SAMANIDS QARAKHANIDS OGHUZ KIMEKS AND QÏPCHAQS During Mughal Emperor Akbar III 1948-2012

1994

YURI BREGEL

Geography

Akbar III 1948-2012
Description
Collection Name: An Historical Atlas of Central Asia book
Author: YURI BREGEL
Date: 1944 | Short Title: . | Publisher: C. E. Bosworth | Publisher Location:----
Type: Atlas Map
Place : Central Asia
Full Title:
An Historical Atlas of Central Asia" written by Yuri Bregel. This is stated on Page no 21 of this book.
Note:
After the death of the first head of the Samanid dynasty, Nuh b. Asad (see map 10), his brother, Ahmad, succeeded him. Ahmad’s son, Nasr, became the ruler of Samarqand while his father was still alive. After the death of his father in 864, Nasr became the head of the dynasty. In 874 his brother Isma#il became the governor of Bukhara (which had not belonged to the Samanids until then), and in 875 Nasr received a diploma from the caliph granting him the administration of the whole of Mavarannahr. Rivalry between Nasr and Isma#il resulted in a war in which Nasr was taken prisoner in 888, but the struggle ended in a reconciliation. After the death of Nasr in 892, Isma#il became the ruler of Mavarannahr, with his capital in Bukhara, and received a diploma from the caliph the next year. Isma#il and his successors recognized the caliph’s authority only nominally: they minted coins in the names both of the caliph and the ruling Samanid and sent gifts to the caliphal court, but they retained for themselves all taxes collected from
the regions under their rule. The Samanids expanded their territory significantly: in 892 mail annexed Ustrushana, ending the rule of the local dynasty of the afshins; in 900-901 he established his rule over two Caspian provinces, Gorgan and Tabaristan; Rayy and all of Khorasan were added to his domains with the demise of #Amr b. Layth Saffari. Isma#il’s son Ahmad conquered most of Sistan. The rulers of Khorezm, as well as of small principalities east of Soghd, became the Samanids’ vassals (see map 12). In the west, the Samanids had to frequently fight the Buyids after the latter captured Baghdad in 945. In the north, the Samanids captured Isfijab in 840 and Taraz in 893; Nasr II b. Ahmad (914-943) campaigned to Shavgar, but probably did not capture it. No further conquests in the north were undertaken, however, although the Samanids supported the ghazis, “Warriors for the Faith,” who flocked to the borders with the steppe and lived there in order to fight the “infidel” Turks. By the middle of the 10th century, various groups of Turks, who had converted to Islam, mostly from among the Qarluqs and Oghuz, were taking shape along the northern borders of the Samanids, and began to be called “Turkmens.” But before the mass conversion of the Turks in the steppe, more numerous Turkic converts appeared within the Samanid state as slave soldiers.
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