During the 18th century, running permanent diplomatic missions within the courts of other states was not a common practice in the East. Instead, exchanges among embassies and diplomatic correspondence were the primary means of establishing and maintaining intergovernmental contacts. This was also the case with the embassies of Nader Shah, the ruler of Iran (Persia) during that time.

The informati . . .

The thesis aims to study the period of changing maritime technologies during 16th and 17th centuries when the Ottoman Empire followed and adopted some of them. In this regard, the thesis takes the Ottoman transition period to the galleon technology as a main discussion issue. To detect the Ottoman position in the periods of changing maritime technologies properly, the thesis suggests an examinatio . . .

Due to the author's limited knowledge and unfamiliarity with multiple languages, she inadvertently made mistakes and omitted essential information in her research, particularly in comprehending the historical ships.

IDuring the Mughal era, India's maritime history witnessed the presence of various seafaring groups and notable maritime icons. The Mughal Empire, under Emperor Akbar's reign, recogni . . .

The Islamic conquest of Transoxiana resulted in religious and cultural changes, as well as the migration of Muslim Arabs in large numbers to the region and their settlement there. This helped spread the Arabic language, culture, and the presence of Islam, surpassing both the Persian and Turkish languages.

This research aims to formulate the agreements, differences, and even discrepancies among Ar . . .

The article discusses the political and legal teachings of Amir Timur. The author paid attention to the relevance of the study of political and legal doctrines, as well as the importance of “Timur's Code” in educating the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism and high legal culture, as today in order to shape the legal awareness of citizens, bring to them the essence and content of the ad . . .

مفاوضات تيمورلنك مع ابن مفلح الحنبلي الابن ، وليس الأب صاحب ابن تيمية . . .

حملة تيمور لنك

This research discusses the important stage in the history of Islamic India at the end of the middle Ages .this stage is the one on which Timurlank invaded with his soldiers this country in 799 A.H / 1397A.D . this invasion flourishes our minds of the stage after the invasion of Baghdad by the Mogul in 656A.H / 1258 A.D specially that Delhi is the city of thought and the Islamic cu . . .

رفع المواد هنا لا يعني الموافقة التامة لكل المواد و الشخصية المتكلمة أو المتكلمة عنها - بل كل الناس لديهم آراء صحيحة و الخاطئة . . .

Shah Shuja, a distinguished Mughal prince, was the second son of Emperor Shah Jahan and his chief consort Mumtaz Mahal. Born in 1616, his life was filled with political intrigue, military campaigns, and cultural patronage. As a key figure in the Mughal Empire, Shah Shuja's story offers a unique lens through which to examine the political and cultural landscape of the mid-17th century Mughal era. . . .

Thatta remained the centre of the built heritage, was founded before the arrival of Alexander the great in July 323 BC. The Greek historians have recorded it with the name of “Patala”. Alexander has re-strengthened the port city of Patala. This port city was feeding the seaport of Baribarikon or al-Daybul. Moreover, this river port city became the distributing centre for the sea port during the su . . .

The Ottoman Empire and the Indian subcontinent had limited direct contact throughout history, but there were some notable relations between the Ottoman Empire and Indian rulers during the period of 1750 to 1924.

During the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire established trade relations with the Indian subcontinent through its ports. The Indian merchants traded spices, textiles, and other goods in ex . . .

Religion has played a vital role in human society since ancient times. It has influenced people's beliefs, values, and practices, shaping their worldview and way of life. Among the world's major religions, Abrahamic religions and Hinduism hold significant positions due to their diverse beliefs, traditions, and philosophies. Abrahamic religions, which include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, are m . . .