Tramontana or the transmountainous country to the north of Hindukush mountains and the south of river Oxus, or Amu, has been a great hub of activity throughout the ages. In medieval times also it saw the rise and fall of various powers. In fact the fortunes of many a dynasty were made or unmade here. The region was coveted by all the powers which established themselves in Transoxiana or Mawara-rm-nehr of the Persian chronicles. The region largely constituted a part of the geopolitics of South Central Asia.