The history of the Empire which we have so far traced has had a unity of its, own, despite the apparent variety in the personal character of the Mogul Emperors themselves. Not to speak of Babur and Humayun, whose work might be regarded as that of pioneers, “ Akbar, the real founder of the empire,” as Smith says, “ was a man truly great, notwithstanding his frailties, and daring his long personal reign of forty=five years (1560-1,605) was able, to build up an organization strong enough to survive twenty two years _of Jahangir’s feebler rule. Shahjahan, a stern, ruthless man, kept a firm hand on the reins for thirty years, and was followed. bye Aurangzeb, who maintained the system more or less in working order for almost fifty years longer.