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Eight Lines of Musical Poetry of the Jajner Nauras (Rag Bhairav) of Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur (verso)

December 31, 1599


Art and Calligraphy

Akbar 1556–1605
Eight Lines of Musical Poetry of the Jajner Nauras (Rag Bhairav) of Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur (verso)
IMG101040
DESCRIPTION
Eight Lines of Musical Poetry of the Jajner Nauras (Rag Bhairav) of Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur (verso) late 1600s Part of a set. See all set records Southwestern India, Karnataka, Bijapur, 17th century Ink on marbled paper Page: 30.4 x 18.5 cm (11 15/16 x 7 5/16 in.) Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection 2013.330.b DESCRIPTION Ibrahim Adil Shah II was a visionary ruler in the southern territories of the Deccan between 1580 and 1627 with his court based in the city of Bijapur. He maintained independence from Mughal encroachments from the north and fostered a distinctive culture infused with mystical Sufi ideals and a distinctive blending of Hindu and Islamic elements. This work of calligraphy is a verse composed by Ibrahim Adil Shah II that exemplifies his love of music and poetry. Normally a Hindu court tradition, ragamalas, or musical modes, were recast by Ibrahim Adil Shah in the local Dakhini language and incorporated into his Islamic milieu. The spectacular marbling on which the verse is written in Arabic script is a characteristic of the Deccan, where marbling was prized for its mysterious and random beauty. Mounted on an imperial Mughal album page with an image of the Hindu ruler Ram Singh on the verso, the placement of this Deccani calligraphy may have functioned as a tribute to Ram Singh’s father, who served the Mughal emperor in the Deccan from 1659 until 1666. INSCRIPTION TRANSLATION “Bhairav has a camphor-like fair complexion/ with the crescent moon on his forehead and three/ eyes and with a crown of matted locks over/ which the Ganges sparkles. In one hand he/ has a human skull, and in the other a trident. His/ vehicle is a bull, and his body is white [besmeared/ with ashes]. He has the skin of an elephant and of/ a lion on his back and wears snakes as ornaments; he / sits under the shade of the heavenly/ wish-fulfilling tree [kalpavriksha]. A white beautiful/ woman is playing upon a drum [mridanga] at a place/ beyond Mount Kailash. These, says Ibrahim,/ are the features of the most charming and excellent/ Raga Bhairava.” INSCRIPTION REMARK Dohra (Song) 5, from a Kitab-i Nauras (Book of Nine Essences) of Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur (r. 1580–1627) PROVENANCE ?-September 1967 (Maggs Brothers, London, UK, Bulletin No. 12, September 1967, no. 11, sold to Ralph Benkaim) September 1967-2013 Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art 2013- The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH EXHIBITION HISTORY Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 2, 2014-January 5, 2015).
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