Lala Lajpat Rai (left) of Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal, the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal, changed the political discourse of the Indian independence movement. 

Bal Gangadhar Tilak 

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak (23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920) was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist

• In 1884, he founded the Deccan Education Society in Pune, and under the banner, opened the New English School for primary studies and Fergusson College for higher education.

• His involvement in the educational institutions was to emphasise on the cultural revival of young Indian minds.

• For the British, Tilak was the “Father of the Indian Unrest.”

• When the Indian National Congress was divided among moderates and extremes—the stand that each member took against the British government—there was no doubt which side Tilak supported.

• Literary works: Kesari and Maratha newspapers

Bipin Chandra Pal

• The father of revolutionary thoughts, Bipin Chandra Pal, was born to a wealthy family in Sylhet, Bengal Presidency (now in Bangladesh).

• Pal was a journalist by profession and often contributed to several newspapers.

• He used his literary expertise to write against the use of British goods, advocating Indians to start using Swadeshi goods instead.

• He was of a strong opinion that a mass reliance on Swadeshi goods would help people get rid of their poverty.

Mughal-Library