Tughra: Shah Muhammad bin Ibrahim Khan, al-muzaffar daima (Sultan Mehmed, son of Ibrahim Khan, the eternally victorious; Calligraphy (Ottoman Turkish Signature), Single Page Manuscript 1648-1687 Turkey, Ottoman Period, reign of Sultan Mehmed IV, ruled: 1648-1687), 17th century Opaque watercolor, gold and silver on paper Overall: 24.5 x 45.6 cm (9 5/8 x 17 15/16 in.) Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1944.525 DESCRIPTION A tughra is a formalized ornate signature or monogram at the top of a royal edict. This tughra has been cut off from the vertical scroll on which a proclamation of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV was written. Mehmed IV ruled during a time when the empire began to decline in power due to internal rivalries and the catastrophic military defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683. In bold gold lettering, “Mehmed, son of Ibrahim Khan, the Eternally Victorious” has been calligraphed in Turkish. These words form the structure of the design, which has been filled with colors, floral patterns, and topped with an architectural crown. A foliated sunburst in turquoise, gold, and silver augments the luxury of the monogram. INSCRIPTION Tughra script reads: "Mehmed, son of Ibrahim Khan, the eternally victorious" PROVENANCE Charles Ricketts and Charles Shannon, R.A.; (Philip Hofer) EXHIBITION HISTORY Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 21, 2016-December 4, 2017).