During the Mutiny of 1857 the Rohillas, though already been disarmed, took a very active part against the English. Khan Badur Khan Rohilla, the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan formed his own government in Bareilly in 1857 Indian revolt against British.

In the 12th century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of Rajputs . Muslim Turkic dynasties the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly foundation was laid by Mukrand Rai in 1657.

Later the region became the capital of Rohilkhand region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company (transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.

Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla (1823 – 24 February 1860) was the grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan, who was the Nawab of Rohilkhand in Uttar Pradesh. He formed his own government in Bareilly in the 1857 Indian revolt against the British. When the Indian Rebellion of 1857 failed, Bareilly, too, was subjugated by the British. He escaped to Nepal where the Nepalese captured him and turned him over to the British. Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla was sentenced to death and hanged in the Kotwali (Police Station, Dhaka) on 24 February 1860.