The Islamic conquest of Transoxiana resulted in religious and cultural changes, as well as the migration of Muslim Arabs in large numbers to the region and their settlement there. This helped spread the Arabic language, culture, and the presence of Islam, surpassing both the Persian and Turkish languages.

This research aims to formulate the agreements, differences, and even discrepancies among Arab sources regarding the successes of Muslims in spreading Islam in Transoxiana, narrating the events while attempting to critically analyze the writings of Arab historians. It seeks to uncover the points of agreement and disagreement among these historians and the implications of their detailed or abbreviated accounts of certain historical events.

The beginning dates back to the invitation of the Prophet Muhammad to the Turkic Khaganate to embrace Islam, and its spread remained slow in those lands, especially during the early periods of the Islamic conquest under the rule of the two caliphs, Umar ibn al-Khattab (13-23 AH/632-642 CE) and Uthman ibn Affan (24-35 AH/643-656 CE). However, things changed during the Umayyad era, particularly during the reign of the leader Qutaybah ibn Muslim (86-96 AH/705-715 CE), and then the caliphate of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (99-101 AH/717-719 CE), which witnessed a significant stage in the history of the Turks due to their understanding of the conditions in those lands. As a result, the governors followed a similar policy.